Despite significant advances in neonatal and child health, morbidity related to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains concerning, particularly in developing countries where resources are limited and geographical and socioeconomic disparities persist. This study aims to describe the clinical, nutritional, and developmental outcomes of children born with IUGR at 2 years of age, as reported in previous studies. It identifies the main findings from the selected literature and proposes ways to improve monitoring. A bibliographic search was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. A total of 15 studies were included. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. Most studies have shown abnormalities related to the health of children born with IUGR at the age of 2 years, including height and weight retardation; cognitive, mental, language, visual, respiratory, neurological, and metabolic impairments; developmental delay in general; and affected social skills. However, two studies showed no significant differences in height and weight or in developmental and behavioral outcomes at 2 years of age. This systematic review highlights several strong and consistent trends, despite differences in methodology, health contexts, and populations studied.